Hortus Malabaricus
Volume II, pages 93–94 and plate 48 provide an early botanical-historical record.
Historical Record
From the 1679 Malabar record to contemporary evidence synthesis.
AAIRCResearch portal
AAIRC maintains a visible chronology of botanical description and human-use documentation. Dates indicate the publication or record—not necessarily the beginning of community knowledge.
Lingnan materia medica
A 老鼠簕-associated record is retained with identity and edition limitations visible.
Linnaean publication
Acanthus ilicifolius was formally published in Species Plantarum 2:639.
AAIRC platform
Historical, scientific and field evidence is organised within an evolving audit trail.
Interpretive rule
Later summaries are not automatically treated as proof of an earlier practice. Whenever possible, AAIRC works backward to the earliest accessible edition, original survey, herbarium specimen or research paper.